Professional Knowledge and Abilities

Proficient Knowledge and Abilities Free Online Research Papers Keeping up proficient information and capacities is fundamental to one’s vocation achievement. The kept taking a stab at extra information identified with one’s expert field, or the achievement of information from dependable and trustworthy sources and associations, permit a person to have the information and capacities expected to prevail inside a specific field. Different associations and affiliations permit a person from any expert field to additionally create or upgrade proficient capacities and information on a picked calling. American Psychological Association Diagram The American Psychological Association is the biggest relationship of therapists with more than 150,000 individuals. This worldwide association capacities with the crucial guide society in general by improving existences of those managing mental sickness. Working consistently to propel information on dysfunctional behavior, mindfulness, and treatment techniques the American Psychological Association is the ideal hotspot for proficient information and capacities for any individual entering or as of now working inside the field of brain science (American Psychological Association, 2010). Expanding Professional Knowledge and Abilities The individual trying to enter or at present working inside the brain research field will discover a plenty of chance for expanding their expert information and capacities through enrollment with the American Psychological Association. The organization’s reason for existing is to propel brain research both as a science and calling, and to likewise go about as the main way to the advancement of wellbeing, training, and human government assistance (American Psychological Association, 2010). The American Psychological Association offers its individuals in all parts of brain science support and constantly looks to improve the comprehension and strategies for brain research through examination. The affiliation additionally begs its individuals to hold to extremely elevated expectations of morals, direct, training and accomplishment. The individual from the American Psychological Association can upgrade or further build up their insight and capacities through different gatherings, reports, conversations and distributions and goes about as an important asset for proficient contacts (American Psychological Association, 2010). Effect on Career Success The individual looking for a profession in brain science will without a doubt locate the American Psychological Association to have huge effect on their vocation achievement. By turning into an individual from the affiliation one can make expanded progress with the most extreme regard from associates and customer base when one follows the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. These standards and set of principles gracefully the expert with a manual for conduct which will empower the expert to work inside the expert field and address numerous issues of moral problems the expert may look all through their profession (American Psychological Association, 2010). For the new expert simply entering the field these rules are fundamental for progress and headway potential. The American Psychological Association additionally makes accessible to the expert innumerable assets for sound and current data in regards to any issue identified with brain science which will empower the expert to consistently approach important data required for rewarding the individuals who experience the ill effects of dysfunctional behavior. What's more, the affiliation goes about as the hotspot for researchers looking for a degree in brain science to get familiar with the gauges related with insightful compositions one will be required to finish all through one’s instructive experience (American Psychological Association, 2010). End In any calling one must keep on accomplishing more elevated levels of expert information and capacities in exertion to make proficient progress. Notwithstanding the picked vocation way an individual follows inability to look for extra information and improved proficient capacities will constrain the odds of achievement in current society which is ever-evolving. Through examination one can acclimatize oneself with different expert associations and affiliations, for example, the American Psychological Association, which offer significant assets to the expert which can expand accomplishment for the expert in their picked field. References American Psychological Association. (2010). About the American Psychological Affiliation. Recovered Feburary 5, 2010, from apa.org/about/ American Psychological Association. (2010). Moral standards of therapists and code of direct 2002. Recovered Feburary 5, 2010, from apa.org/morals/code2002.pdf Examination Papers on Professional Knowledge and AbilitiesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Tapit Wordlwide Professional Job Search System Essay

Tapit Wordlwide Professional Job Search System - Essay Example Actually, a large portion of the online enrollment structures get the data on the web. In any case, it has been seen that the data has not been utilized in a tactful way. There has been a great deal of spillage of the data to different sources. This has prompted huge misfortune for the candidates. The shoppers can't make certain about the protection of the provided data. It has been seen that there have been a ton of occurrences of spamming in various regions. This has prompted the obstructing of the inbox by undesirable sends. There have been question marks over the believability of the site over the information being provided from numerous sources. Along these lines, the clients have not been furnished with the essential data about the real employment opportunities. There are cases for this situation where the filled in occupations have not been expelled from rundown of accessible employments. This prompts a great deal of occurrences to a lead that had not been dynamic, however was all the while appearing hands on sheets. This was against the guarantee of the organization that it was posting new employments. It likewise made superfluous issues for the activity searchers by giving them pointless kind of data. It was additionally against the guarantees of the organization. This was the elements that prompted the invalidation of guarantees made by the organization about the sort of administrations being given. Tapit Professional Worldwide quest for new employment framework permits the transfer of any resumes by the clients. This prompts a two dimensional issue. To start with, the clients don't gain admittance to the predefined sort of employments. Furthermore, there is an absence of comprehension of the correct sort of the candidates. There is likewise an issue being looked by the organizations that had transferred the prerequisites. It closures to over-burden the quantity of utilizations, prompting various bogus applications for any activity. This likewise makes issues for the organizations that have done the postings. In this way, it tends to be seen that Tapit Worldwide Professional Job

Narrative Essay Examples PDF

Narrative Essay Examples PDFIf you are writing a narrative essay, it is helpful to use narrative essay samples PDF. There are a variety of reasons why a person might be writing a narrative essay and this sample uses several of them to help the reader understand how to write their own narrative.Before we get into a brief overview of the sample, it should be noted that there are several types of essay that you can choose from. The difference between the two is that the narrative essay uses one of those three formats. This is not to say that the other essay does not exist, but the people who are reading this have chosen to use one of those formats. For a more in depth discussion on each type of essay, I recommend that you read the synopsis found in the beginning of this article.A summary of the main point of the paper can be very short or very long. Depending on the way that you structure your paper, this can also affect the length of the paper. If you are looking for a shorter synopsis , then a sample that uses only one paragraph is the best one for you.In this essay, there is a description of the narrator of the story. It also gives an introduction to the reader about the nature of the essay as well as what kind of person they are. With that being said, there is some instruction that comes with the narrative essay samples PDF as well.For the first paragraph, there is a requirement that you follow a certain structure in order to successfully compile your narrative essay samples PDF. The first paragraph needs to tell the reader what the story is about. This is what you will be using in the narrative essay examples PDF.Next, you need to introduce the character of the reader. The second paragraph will give an overview of what this character is like. Once again, you will be using the narrative essay samples PDF as a reference.The next paragraph will show the reader something that they haven't seen before. The last paragraph will show the reader what the character will do after he or she gets what they want. It is very important that the reader understands how to work in the rules for your story.Completing the narrative essay requires the following sentences. The first sentence states the main point of the essay and should end with the subtitle. The second sentence is the overview of the writer's characters and should include a description of the setting that is being described.

Wal Mart The Key Elements And Problems That Occurred...

The key elements/problems that occurred within the Wal-Mart case studies consist of the following features: The companies’ lack of ability to construct a balance between the executive officials and those with a direct interest or stock in the company. These unbalances between these created issues within the business sector. â€Å"The obvious problems associated with the companies policies of poor management involve taking care of their employees, suppliers, the environment, and the economic dynamics of the community (Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2011).† In the companies lack of management these strategic efforts did not pay off. Their approaches for success were tarnished due to the company’s unethical policies and procedures. For example, the right of the woman was a form of stiff discrimination, social activists rights were ignored as well. When accessing these methods one would have to examine the labor unions, belief’s that Wal-Mart would not comply to providing their consumers with lower prices. â€Å"This approach was an error on behalf the previous CEO Jim Weir (Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2011)†. This plan was a wrong decision that would later become the start of the meltdown with the company. Some of the other issues surrounding these mishaps involved ensuring the product to different global regions around the world, which caused a chain reaction with the companies’ efforts of expansion. Therefore, these executive managers’ strategies for dataShow MoreRelatedTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 Pages Introduction 3 1 Madonna 21 2 Laura Ashley Holdings plc: The Battle for Survival 26 3 The US Airline Industry in 2002 33 4 DaimlerChrysler and the World Automobile Industry 41 5 Wal-Mart Stores Inc., May 2002 49 6 Eastman Kodak: Meeting the Digital Challenge 62 7 Organizational Restructuring within the Royal Dutch/Shell Group 70 8 Harley-Davidson, Inc., January 2001 77 9 Online Broking Strategies: Merrill Lynch, Charles Schwab and E*Trade 83 10 11 12 Emi and the CT Scanner [A] [B]Read MoreGlobal Business Environment - Case Study: Carrefour5517 Words   |  23 Pages8 Opportunities 8 Threats 9 III. External business environment: Key challenges and implications 10 Political and legal 10 Economic and Financial 11 Social, cultural, and Environmental 11 Technological 12 IV. Conclusion 13 Sources 14 â€Æ' Introduction For businesses, globalization is a great opportunity to stretch further and thus reach another level. Hamilton and Webster (2009) state that â€Å"globalization generates opportunities for business to enter new markets, take advantage of differencesRead MoreGlobal Business Environment - Case Study: Carrefour5527 Words   |  23 PagesWeaknesses 8 Opportunities 8 Threats 9 III. External business environment: Key challenges and implications 10 Political and legal 10 Economic and Financial 11 Social, cultural, and Environmental 11 Technological 12 IV. Conclusion 13 Sources 14 â€Æ' Introduction For businesses, globalization is a great opportunity to stretch further and thus reach another level. Hamilton and Webster (2009) state that â€Å"globalization generates opportunities for business to enter new markets, take advantage of differencesRead MoreThe World Is Flat8659 Words   |  35 PagesContents †¢ Key Figures †¢ Short Summary (Synopsis) †¢ Thomas L. Friedman - Biography †¢ Genre | | | | Chapter Summaries with Notes / Analysis †¢ Chapters 1 - 4 - How the World Became Flat †¢ Chapters 5 - 9 - America and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 10 - Developing Countries and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 11 - Companies and the Flat World †¢ Chapters 12 - 14 - Geopolitics and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 15 - Conclusion: Imagination Overall Analysis †¢ Structure Analysis †¢ Key Facts †¢ ImportantRead MoreTesco Strategy Report Essay7369 Words   |  30 Pagespresence in non-food areas eventually rising to 45%-50% of all online sales. This meant that it would have to take on Amazon.com in what was widely perceived to be areas of Amazons strength. Would Amazon turn its attention to the lucrative grocery business once it had a string of warehouses in place in the U.K. market? As he pulled into the parking lot, Mr. Mason realized that critical times lay ahead. He was only hoping that Mr. Leahy was right about the two-year advantage. Tesco: The Company Read MoreAlternative Solutions to Strategic Human Resources Problems3903 Words   |  16 PagesStrategic Human Resource Research for Alternative Solutions In attempting to generically research for alternative strategic solutions to InterClean s human resource problems, Team-C found some plausible best practices which should help align their organizational structure with its goals. The industrial cleaning and sanitation industry is evolving around changing trends and driving forces that are causing InterClean to reassess their competitive advantage of human resource development. InterCleanRead MoreA Study on Customer Preference in Retail Store- Adani Store28361 Words   |  114 PagesGandhinagar have completed their grand project titled as â€Å"A STUDY OF CONSUMER PFERENCE IN GARMENT IN ADANI HYPERMARKET AT AHEMDABAD† in the year 2005-2006 in partial fulfillment of Gujarat University requirement for the award of degree of Master of business administration. Prof. S. Chinnam Reddy Prof. Siddarth Das Prof. Rajeshwari Jain Director Coordinator Grand Project Guide Date: __/__/2006 DECLARATION We hereby, declareRead MoreIndian Cold Chain Scenario11494 Words   |  46 Pagesdependence with strategic importance and requiring maximum attention and another group includes inhibitors that have high dependence and the consequential actions. Research limitations/implications – At the time when cold chain is the key domain for the food sector, these ï ¬ ndings will be immensely helpful for industry professionals, Government, non-government, academia and the community in developing strategies and impounding the root causes responsible for the inefï ¬ cient and weak cold chain in IndiaRead MoreMelnyk et al.2014 Essay6112 Words   |  25 PagesThis article was downloaded by: [BI Norwegian Business School] On: 27 May 2014, At: 03:37 Publisher: Taylor Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Production Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tprs20 Supply chain design: issues, challenges, frameworks andRead MoreEthics in Retail Industry5435 Words   |  22 PagesRatul Kumar Sarkar Registration Number: 4033/19 Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Mail - Proposal on assignment in ... https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2ik=4f81452ae6view=ptq=san... Ratul Kumar Sarkar Proposal on assignment in Business Ethics 2 messages Ratul Kumar Sarkar To: sanjana_tta@iimcal.ac.in Cc: ranjanm@iimcal.ac.in Name: Ratul Kumar Sarkar Reg No: 4033/19 Section: B Project type: Individual Project Title: Ethics in Retail Industry Scope: As a cornerstone of any organization

The World Of World War II - 1149 Words

World War II was the mightiest struggle humankind has ever seen. It killed more people, cost more money, damaged more property, and affected more people in nearly every country than any other war in history. It is estimated that more than 55 million people. More than 50 countries took part in the war, and the whole world felt its effects. Men fought in almost every part of the world, on every continent except Antarctica. Chief battlegrounds included Asia, Europe, North Africa, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea. The United States hoped to stay out. Drawing on its experience from World War I, Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1939, which were intended to prevent Americans becoming†¦show more content†¦Most American officials agreed that the best defense against the Soviet threat was a strategy called containment. If the United States could keep the Soviets from expanding their power in a matter of time their system wou ld fall apart thus beating communism without going to war. The Long Telegram circulated widely in Truman’s administration. It became the basis for the administration’s policy of containment. Truman and his advisers believed Western Europe’s prosperity depended on Germany’s recovery but the Soviets still wanted Germany to pay for war debts. American officials had decided that the Soviets were trying to undermine Germany’s economy to bring them down. The United States, Britain, and France merged their German zones and allowed the Germans to have their own government. This merged land became known as West Germany and the Soviets land became known as East Germany. West Germany was mostly independent but not allowed to have a military. The creation of West Germany convinced the Soviets they would never get the reparations they wanted. In June 1948, Soviet troops blockaded West Berlin hoping to force the United States to reconsider its decision. In response Truman sent airplanes capable of carrying atomic weapons to bases in Britain and requested that air force to fly supplies into Berlin rather than troops bring them in. Even though

Developmental, Cognitive, Social, And Emotional...

This paper will describe developmental issues in each domain (physical, cognitive, social, and emotional) that are identified when working with the clients and provide and examples of behaviors as evidence. It will also include a discussion on the stage of the family’s life cycle and how the family has transitioned through the life span. Next it will describe as well as document the impact of risk factors on the social and emotional well-being and physical development of the client. This paper applies and accurately interprets systemic assessment tools that are multicultural and developmentally appropriate and demonstrates an awareness of how ethical and legal requirements impact working with this family using examples as evidence. Finally it reflects on one s personal background and impact on one s work with this family system, incorporating suggestions for managing this impact. Keywords: systemic assessment, genogram, life cycle, developmental domains, family Unit 3 – Systemic Assessment of a Child and a Family-Inside Out The Andersen family Bill, Jill, and Riley from Pixar’s film, Inside Out, was used as the subjects for a systemic assessment of child and family relationships. The author selected this film because it s centered on an adolescent who has to deal with significant developmental and emotional changes occurring in her life that are brought on by a move to a new state. The move forces the character, Riley to leave behind everything that she has ever knownShow MoreRelatedThe Anger Management Program For A Group Therapy Workshop Setting Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagestherapy workshop setting. The clients attending are multicultural females ranging in age from mid-twenties to sixties (males have a separate group). Each client in attendance has either requested to join, was recommended by their psychiatrist/ therapist or attendance was court mandated. It is an open-ended therapy group workshop with no mandatory en d date; the end of treatment is based on meeting treatment goals. The anger management workshop utilizes a cognitive and dialectical behavioral approachRead MoreDevelopmental Theories That Assist Social Workers Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental theories are integral to a social workers approach when working with children, and families as they help to guide and explain situations and behaviours. As social workers have an ethical and professional responsibility to their clients, they need to have an established set of guiding theories which underpin their practice. If they work without these theories, they could place their clients at risk of harm by practising from personal assumptions. They also help the social worker understandRead MoreMy Interview With Donna Portnoy889 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Counselor working in the field of Intellectual Developmental Disabilities. 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Theories provide basic hypotheses for developmental milestones; howeverRead MoreDevelopmental History Analysis1407 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental History Analysis Life-Span Development Developmental History Analysis Often in human services, compiling a developmental history is an essential part of gathering information that will provide critical details to assist providers in making choices that will help clients receive assistance with health and psychological issues. This paper will analyze the developmental history of four-year old Quaushia Bolden. Quaushia is a compilation of several clients that this authorRead MorePsychosocial History: Barry Egan1761 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact those problems have on his social interactions, relationships, and his mental state. Major life stressors for Barry include the continual emotional abuse meted out by his seven sisters. Further therapy will reveal specific incidents that arose in Barrys childhood: such as his interactions with his parents and sisters, with teachers, and with his peers. The relationship Barry has with his sisters is the greatest source of stress in Barrys life. The client owns his own business, and when heRead MorePersonality Development of Children: Who Matters More?1681 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality development of children: Who Matters More? Judith Harris and John Bowlby The impact of parents on child development has been a major matter among developmental psychologists who have been trying to find a direct link between parental activities and the personality development of children. The nature vs. nurture debate remains vital and keeps the world of developmental and clinical psychology polarized for a long time now (Encyclopedia.com). There are various factors that affectRead MoreAttachment Theory And Its Effect On An Individual1051 Words   |  5 Pagesthe foundation for the development of relationship building throughout the life cycle. This relationship instructs the infant how the environment will respond to crying, hunger, and emotional stimuli (2005). When the infant obtains a nurturing response to these stimuli the infant will have secure attachments, and provide a blueprint how the world will respond to their needs (Pearson, 2010). An unhealthy response (ignoring, yelling, etc.) perpetuates a negative development or insecure attachment givingRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1299 Words   |  6 Pages(Faust et al., 2004)Very young children struggle with cognitive components of cognitive-behavioral intervention strategies because it exceeds their developmental capabilities (Faust Katchen, 2004). (Faust et al., 2004)As previously noted, a child is at a greater risk for the effects of sev ere sexual abuse in the first years of life (Faust Katchen, 2004). (Faust et al., 2004) One theory that alleviates symptoms of PTSD is Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). This theory is designedRead MoreThe Mission Of Valley Mountain Regional Center1176 Words   |  5 Pageswith developmental disabilities as they enrich their lives through choices and inclusion. VMRC is committed to securing quality, individualized services in collaboration with families and the community. VMRC is a private, non-profit corporation that contracts with the State of California to provide diagnostic, evaluation, case management, and early intervention services to people with developmental disabilities. Valley Mountain Regional Center serves children and adults with developmental disabilities

Research Proposal Applied Business Research - Click Now

Question The purpose of this assignment is to bring together your accumulative knowledge which you have acquired throughout the semester. You will be required to submit the following in order to successfully complete this assessment: Complete the below Research Proposal Form , see pp. 3-4 (20% of the overall grade). Professional appearance guidelines Adhere to APA 6.0 referencing style; Print on only one side of the page; Text should be 1.5 spacing; 12 point font. Answer: 1. Introduction Customers are the lifeblood of any business and thus meeting their requirements and making sure their satisfaction level is highly imperative. Therefore, it can be stated that analyzing the significance of customer loyalty is one of the discussed topics of the present day scenario, especially in the service sector and thus this particular research topic has been selected (Baumann, Elliott Burton, 2012). Muthoot Finance has been selected as the target organization and it is expected that this particular research work would be a source of sound secondary research work to the future researchers. Therefore, selection of this research topic considering the nature of present day scenario is justified enough. 2. Background of the study Several academicians have done research on the importance of customer loyalty, as in the era of strong competition; gaining faith of the customers has become one of the powerful aspects. Therefore, it is regardless to say that there exists a vast span of research in this specified area, especially when the field is service sector. Benoit and Van den Poel (2012) have stated that while gaining new customers is highly necessary, at the same time, it is required to retain the existing customers as well as giving extra attention to make the customers loyal, as the loyal customers play vital role in ensuring business sustainability (Chen, 2012). Literature review has tried to analyze several aspects of customer loyalty from some alternatives. After going through the already done research papers, peer reviewed articles, it has been summarized that there is no avoiding of this fact that in order to gain competitive advantage and sustainability in company operation, every organization is required to have loyal and repeat consumers. However, it can be stated that these customers are the ones who keep the lights on and the doors open and are most likely to advocate for the brand. In the present marketing scenario, customer loyalty is the new currency and that is why it is significant enough to provide the customers positive buying experience across all the channels throughout the time (Jahanshani et al., 2014). The research questions have been prepared based on the requirements of the research variable, i.e. customer loyalty. The research questions have been designed in such a way that the requirements are properly fulfilled with special emphasis on Muthoot Finance. Therefore, these research questions have been properly designed and the selections of these research questions are justified as well. 3. Research questions The research questions have been mentioned here in details: How to line up customer satisfaction and trust along with corporate reputation with the help of customer loyalty programs? Why loyalty factors are significant in effectively managing customer loyalty for the specified organization for a long time in future? What are those magic factors that the customers generally look into an organization for being mentally attached? How can these factors might affect the loyalty function of Muthhot Finance? 4. Research Design In research design, the researchers interpret the results of data analysis depending on the objectives as well as the motive of the study. Among exploratory, explanatory and analytical research design, in this particular research work, analytical research design has been taken into consideration, judging the nature of the this research design (Bergh Ketchen, 2011). 4.1 Methods of data collection The data collection method takes into account the primary and the secondary data gathering, where emphasis would be shed on the primary data collection procedure for the present research work. This particular research work is based on customer loyalty and thus the involvement of the customers is highly necessary for the purpose of data analysis (Morgan, 2012). The customers are expected to state the reasons for selection of the Muthoot finance over the other organizations in the industry and at the same time prefer to rely on the same brand and refer others as well. This is the main reason behind the selection of the primary data collection approach and on the other hand, it can be stated that the primary data is collected directly from the respondents, which ensures transparency (Brannen, 2012). 4.2 Sampling techniques As this research work required gathering primary data, sampling is highly necessary procedure to select the respondents for carrying out the survey work. Sampling procedure refers towards the selection of proper entrant for the research work, so that relevant data can be gathered through the data gathering manner (Hanson Grimmer, 2012). These two basic sampling techniques are the probability sampling technique and the non-probability sampling technique. In this research work, non-probability sampling technique has been taken into consideration considering the nature of this research work. Ellis and Levy (2012) have stated that convenient sample is mostly used to decrease the divergence of answers composed from the applicants in case of the main data collection. 4.3 Number of participants involved and the justification for the selection For this specific research work, 75 customers of Muthoot Finance have been taken into consideration, as they are directly linked with the organization. As the size of sample is larger than usual, the convenient sampling technique is appropriate in order to reduce the amount of deviation of responses. Besides, 3 executive managers have been interviewed for gaining qualitative data. 4.4 Place of conducting the research work For the convenience of the research work, online survey questionnaire has been distributed among 75 customers of Muthoot Finance. Apart from that, for the managers, telephonic interview has been conducted for their convenience. 4.5 Methods of data analyzes used in this research work The quantitative research answers gathered from the customers of Muthhot Finance has been analyzed with the help of graphical representation like charts, bars and tables. In order to analyze the qualitative data, transcripts of the managers have been prepared and this has helped to understand the answers properly (Hanson Grimmer, 2012). 5. Project Implications It can be stated that this specific research work would be beneficial for those future researchers, who have been planning to conduct further studies on this research topic. This research work might become one of the sources of secondary research works to those people (Ellis Levy, 2012). Apart from that, this research might help the organization, i.e. Muthoot Finance for enhancing their present performance. This research work is based on the primary data collection procedure and thus the transparency of this research paper is high. Therefore, this research paper is beneficial from several angles. This research paper would be published online and thus, several people would get the chance to go through this research paper. However, it can be stated that, if the customers of Muthoot Finance want to get this research paper, they can get this report easily. This research paper would enable the customers to explore some different aspects of this organization (Morgan, 2012). If the research findings are positive, more number of customers would get attracted towards this organization. This would help the organization to get more number of loyal customers who would enable the sustainability of this organization in the long run. 6. Ethical approval Ethical approval is mandatory to be pursued in case of conducting the research work in a very systematic manner. No respondents would be forced to take part in the research work and at the same time, they must not be influenced in any way, as biasness might hamper the research result (Morgan, 2012). As per the Data Protection Act of 1998, no respondents are allowed to force and at the same time, the survey answers of the individuals would not be published anywhere without their consent. All information is required to keep confidential and proper referencing style has to be used in the entire research work (Morgan, 2012). 7. Own learning After completing the entire research work, it can be stated that I have learnt the through procedure of conducting a research work. From the research works of the eminent professors, I have learnt that customer loyalty is one of the significant aspects of any of the organization, as the sustainability of the business largely depends on these types of the customers. Apart from that, I must say that conducting the survey and analyzing the results was the most appropriate and interesting part to me at the time of conducting the research work. This research paper has helped me to grow deep knowledge about the research topic and this would help me in future to conduct further research works. However, at the time of conducting the research work, I faced some issues. The entire research paper is depending on primary data and this is one of the strong limitations. Apart from that, customer loyalty again is a limitation that hampers in gathering authentic data. I have found that loyal custome rs might provide fake data in order to hide the flaws or they must emphasis on the positive sides and this might hamper the research works. Moreover, it was tough to convene the managers for the telephonic interview and thus it was one of the research limitations at the time of conducting the research work. References Baumann, C., Elliott, G., Burton, S. (2012). Modeling customer satisfaction and loyalty: survey data versus data mining.Journal of Services Marketing,26(3), 148-157. Benoit, D. F., Van den Poel, D. (2012). Improving customer retention in financial services using kinship network information.Expert Systems with Applications,39(13), 11435-11442. Bergh, D. Ketchen, D. J. (2011). Research methodology in Strategy and Management, 1st ed. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. Brannen, J. (2012). Prologue, mixed methods for novice researchers: reflections and themes, International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(1), 812. Chen, S. C. (2012). The customer satisfactionloyalty relation in an interactive e-service setting: The mediators.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(2), 202-210. Chu, P. Y., Lee, G. Y., Chao, Y. (2012). Service quality, customer satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty in an e-banking context.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,40(8), 1271-1283. Ellis, T. Levy, Y. (2012). Towards a guide for novice researchers on research methodology: Review and proposed methods, Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 6, 323-337. Hanson, D., Grimmer, M. (2012). The mix of qualitative and quantitative research Harrison, R. L. and Reilly, T. M. (2011) "Mixed methods designs in marketing research", Qualitative Market Research: an International Journal, 14(1), pp. 7 26 Jahanshani, A. A., Hajizadeh, G. M. A., Mirdhamadi, S. A., Nawaser, K., Khaksar, S. M. S. (2014). Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Johnson, M. D., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., Gustafsson, A. (Eds.). (2012).Customer retention in the automotive industry: quality, satisfaction and loyalty. Springer Science Business Media. Morgan, D. L. (2012) Paradigms lost and pragmatism regained: methodological implications of combining qualitative and quantitative methods, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), pp. 48-76.

Analytical Essay Sample on Modernity in Australian Architecture Factors of Evolution

Analytical Essay Sample on Modernity in Australian Architecture Factors of Evolution Introduction Australian architecture has undergone considerable evolution to reach its current state. The architectural transformations within the country had many underpinning factors. This situation enabled the country to keep abreast with the changing trends across the world, particularly within the European and the American blocks. In view of this background, this paper explores the distinctive elements in Australias engagement with Architectural Modernism or high Modernism. Post-war reflection The world war one and the great depression influenced the Australian architecture by triggering the need for a new mindset for demonstrating regeneration and growth within the country. The journey of modernization forced past traditions to give way to new styles and trends (Modern Australian Architecture, Australia.gov.au). Through this, modernization promoted evolution of architecture based on the availability of technologies, new materials, as well as ideals (Howells Nicholson 121). This opened up new possibilities and methods of achieving building and planning. American influence The unique climatic conditions in Australia prompted the need for adaptations. Because of this, the American urban designs, particularly those created by Richardson offered significant influences in Australian modern architectural trends (Architecture, Architecturestyles.org). This led to the diversification of cultural tastes, as well as the needs of an increasingly multicultural Australian society. Distinctive Australias engagement with Architectural Modernism (high Modernism) The Australian modernist architecture places emphasis on function. The architecture provides for specific needs instead of imitating nature. Main features evident in this architecture include functionality, minimalism, and geometric shapes. The new technologies and techniques freed Australian architects from past engineering limitations, thereby enabling them to come up with new rational designs that the base of a buildings function (Modern Australian Architecture, Australia.gov.au). The new materials included steel, reinforced concrete and glass. They were mass produced, inexpensive and flexible to use. This transformed the conservative tendency within Australian society. Some distinctive elements of Australian architecture have come about due to climate, place, history, and identity. The modern Australian architecture is an expression of a local identity that balances the ideals of art and architecture against the prevailing local climate and social realities (Australian Architecture, Australia.gov.au). The most modern Australian architecture features bold and strong horizontal spandrels. They also have long windows for letting in maximum daylight. They also have single span across every floor, which means that no columns interrupt the interior spaces. Architects such as Robin Boyd, Harry Seidler and Roy Grounds contributed significantly to the realization of modern Australian architecture (Australian Institute of Architects, Architecture.com.au). They applied modernist-style principles into homes in the Australian, thereby giving a new sense of architecture, distinctive in the Australian context. Buildings Federation houses are examples of distinctive Australian architecture. This was the version of the English Edwardian House. It uses Australian motifs, roof of terracotta tiles, detailed fretwork in the roof gables, as well as windows. This distinctive element has been evident in Australian modern architecture (Australian Architecture, Australia.gov.au). The distinctive aspects were that the houses were smaller, fireplaces located in a corner of the room to save space, and the houses required less painting and maintenance. Many houses had round sunrise motifs (Early Construction, Buildreport.com.au). For instance, it features in the Australian Federation Square. This architectural design in Melbourne creates a square for the future that embraces digital media, thereby creating a new experience of public realm. Distinctive Australian architectural adaptations or styles include Federation styles of residential architecture and the Queenslander. The styles have led to the development of iconic Australian designs, which include Melbourne Royal Exhibition Building, Sydney Opera House, and the 11 remnant penal colony sites chosen in 2010 for World Heritage protection (Architecture, Architecturestyles.org). Conclusion The Australian architecture borrowed considerably from other architectures, especially from Europe and North America. They transformed these architectures to meet the prevailing domestic conditions to give rise to distinct designs.

The relationship between democracy and Islam in Indonesia

The relationship between democracy and Islam in Indonesia The role of Islam in the transition to democracy in Indonesia This paper will discuss how Islam and democracy interact in Indonesia. The paper will look at the role of Islam in the transition to democracy, in which Islam has played a critical part in the pro-democracy movement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The relationship between democracy and Islam in Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Islam has played a crucial role in the research on the compatibility in Islam and democracy, in elections and in the building of a civil society in Indonesia. During the past decades, democracy and Islam have been a debatable topic and continues to be a major issue in political discussions. In the western world, Islam and democracy are viewed as fundamentally irreconcilable. Samuel Huntington argued that collapse of democratic system in the Islamic world is owed to the fact that the Islamic customs and society being unwelc oming to Western freethinking principles. According to some Muslim conservatives, the democracy values are contradicted with the concept of fundamental Islam. On the other hand, Indonesia has been considered as one of the Muslim countries that have been able to incorporate and consolidate democratic values into its political system. Robert Hefner points out that in countries such as Indonesia, Islam has became vital to democratization and has turn out to be the single most vital force for political transformation and democracy. This paper will argue the concept of Islam and Democracy can be compatible by looking at Indonesia as the majority Muslim country in the world. Throughout the history, the concept of democracy is marked by conflicting interpretation. The idea of democracy is always contested and vague where it is tricky to apply into practices. Huntington (1984, p.195) argues that the definition of democracy are legion where the term has been far from political area such the term has just been apply to institution. This is where citizens have the capacities to choose freely among political alternatives by making their own decisions that have a direct effect on their lives. Jillani (2006, p.728) states that such values of freedom, tolerance and equality are the principle of democracy that form government in a sovereignty state.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in the western perspective, democracy and Islam are view as fundamentally incompatible. Huntington (1984, p.208) states that Islam are seen to be inhospitable to democracy. This is because Islamic revival especially the Shish fundamentalist in Middle East are strongly oppose and against the development of democracy as it is identified with Western liberal principles and such principle will denies the Islamic concept of the sovereignty of God. The Islamic fundamentalist is seen to be anti-democratic in the view of religious resurgence (Heryanto Mandal 2003, p.122). According to Effendy (2008, p.41) the concept of democracy is not foreign to Islamic thought. The values of democracy such as justice, consultation, egalitarian, trust and freedom are inherent to the corpus of Islamic ideas. As a result Islam is seen to be compatible with democracy through this perception where these values are obliged implemented in Muslim’s social culture, economic and political activities. Heryanto and Mandal (2003, p.123) argues that values have to be substantiate through educational reform and the creation of social institutions that encourage participation of society in the political and religious realm. On the other hand, the most important confront for democratization in the Muslim world are rely on Muslim leaders and intellectuals themselves to come up with rational systems of Islamic democracy that are not easy reformulations of Western philosophy offe red in Islamic expression. The diversity of Islam in Indonesia Among other Islamic country, democracy has been able to thrive among the largest number of the Muslims in Indonesia due to the moderate forms of Islam the citizens has been able to adopt (Azra Hudson 2008, p.47). There has been a blend between the myriad ways and the pre-existing religious practices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The relationship between democracy and Islam in Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has resulted to a richly distinctive variant. The form of Islam originally from Indonesia does not have the attribute of severity and rigidity. This has enabled it to get praise due to its moderation and tolerance. Hefner (2000, p.18) argues that democracy in Indonesia has become the single most important force for political change and democracy in the Muslim world in regards to the compatibility of Islam and democracy. According t o Carnegie, (2006, p.3), Indonesia is the country with the largest population of Muslims. Michael Buehler also states that the country is the third biggest democracy in the world, only after the U.S. and India (2009, p.51). Islam has a prominent sway in the Indonesia’s political landscape and offers an array of political and conceptual potentials for the nation. For instance, home-grown Abangan Islam is highly practiced in the Central and Eastern Java while Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)-the conventional Sunni Islam- is common in East Java. The current Islamic tenets of Muhammadiyah are prominent outside Java and synonymous with contemporary welfare services and education in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah is also popular among the young population who are more intellectual and autonomous in Indonesia (Carnegie, 2006, p.3). One of principal reasons that explain the cordial rapport between democracy and Islam in Indonesia is the disintegration of Islamic power in the country’s social soc iety (Buehler, 2009, p.53). The diversity of Islam in Indonesia is attributed to manner in which the Islamic alteration took place in the previous eras. The conversion of Indonesians to Islam was influenced by a number of factors such as accommodating prior Islamic tenets and observances that were common in various parts of Indonesia. The colonial rulers also contributed to Islamic diversity in Indonesia when they denied indigenous rulers authority to set up unified institutions of Islamic education, worship and pilgrimage.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The absence of a unified Islam structure has led to tectonic movements in the democratization of Islam in Indonesia. The country has thus witnessed the elimination of official constraints on the spiritual life of its population. Moreover, new types of religious practices have emerged thereby reducing the control of Islamic leaders in the whole country (Buehler, 2009, p.54). The role of Islam during election period in Indonesia The diffusion of Islamic authority and the vulnerability of social structure are more visible during voting periods. For example, during the gubernatorial vote in 2005, the authority of religious leader- the Tuan guru- was trivial as a result of a large number of Islamic leaders in South Kalimantan province. The candidates involved in the election knew that political support from religious figures was not adequate to augment their chances since all contestants had a Tuan guru in their campaign teams. Some resorted to use other strategies such as providing fina ncial support to social amenities such as schools, hospitals and mosques to woo voters. In addition, the waning influence of religious leaders has been manifested by the voters who have ditched Islamic leaders that support unpopular political parties (Buehler, 2009, p.55). The modern Muslim parties continue to play a vital role in the Indonesia’s democratic landscape. For example, in spite of their diverse political inclinations, the Muhammadiyah and NU parties strongly support the existence of a secular state and have censured terrorist activities and the parochial interpretation of Islamic laws (Smith, 2005, p.115). The role of radical Islamist in Indonesia According to Amir Santoso, the relationship between democracy and Islam in Indonesia has been characterized by the antagonism and tension between the ruling elites and Islam (1995, p.3). Right from the colonial period to post-Soeharto era, Muslims have used their religion as their platform for struggle against colonial r ule, oppression and as a tool for religious chauvinism (Jillani, 2006, p.727). During the formative years of Suharto’s totalitarian New Order and Islamic organizations were major political forces that strongly sustained the New Order in defeating communism. However, the cordial partnership collapsed in the late 1960s when the state was fully focused on the general election in early 1970s. There are a number of theories put forward to explain the demise of the alliance between the government and Islam in Indonesia. First, the demise of communism in the country meant that Islam was the main ideological option to Suharto’s regime. Second, Suharto’s New Order regime strongly believed that Islamic groups wanted to introduce Islamic tenets in the country. Finally, since the government’s main goals were political stability and economic growth, the government introduced containment policies to weaken the influence of Islam in Indonesia (Santoso, 1995, p.3). The c urrent democratic landscape in Indonesia has reduced the influence of radical Islam by giving its proponents democratic space to form political parties, take part in electoral process and freedom of press. This type of regime has thus been able to establish the politics and policies employed by Islamists. This theory is relevant to Middle East countries since flexible autocratic power of some regimes such as Indonesia have allowed the contribution of radical Islamists. The inclusion of radical Islamic groups in the democratic process compelled them to abandon their initial radical stands and in the end, adopted moderate positions (Nasr, 2005, p.13). In nutshell, the theory of flexible autocratic structure is that the involvement of radical Islam in political process leads to moderate Islam while their exclusion through oppression enhances Islamic radicalism (Hafez, 2005, p.4). References Azra, A. Hudson, H. (2008) Islam beyond Conflict: Indonesian Islam and Western Political Theory . Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Buehler, M. (2009) Islam and Democracy in Indonesia. Insight Turkey, 11(4), 51-63. Carnegie, P. (2006) The Politics of Indonesia’s Islamic Identification. Dialogue, 4 (1), 1- 24. Effendy, B. (2008) Islam and the State in Indonesia. Web. Hafez, M. (2003) Why Muslims Rebel: Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World. London, Lynne Rienner. Hefner, R. (2000) Civil Islam: Muslims and democratization in Indonesia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Heryanto, A. and Mandal, S. (2003) Challenging authoritarianism in Southeast Asia.  London: Routledge. Huntington, S (1984) Will more countries become democratic? In Political Science Quarterly, 99 (2), 206-228. Jillani, H. (2006) Democracy and Islam: An Odyssey in Braving the Twenty-First Century. Brigham Young University Law Review, (3), 727-753. Nasr, V. (2005) The Rise of Muslim Democracy. Journal of Democracy, 16 (2), 13-27. Santoso, A. (1995) Islam and politics in Indonesia during the 1990s. Asi an Journal of Political Science, 3(1) 1-34. Smith, P. (2005) Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia. London: Sharpe.

Why is 21 the drinking age and is it in fact the the real age limit Essay

Why is 21 the drinking age and is it in fact the the real age limit - Essay Example Plenty of European countries are extremely negligent about it, and 12 year-olds are drinking more responsibly than many 23 year-olds in the States.(Grossman, 2006) When I say drinking responsibly, I mean drinking socially, such as dropping by somewhere and having a few mixed drinks or a couple of beers or something. The irresponsible drinking is drinking just to get drunk, meaning power-hours, taking 13 shots of 151 in half an hour (not fun), and just being, well, irresponsible. The latter type of drinking, from what I've seen, is mostly done by people who have little or no experience in drinking, and the availability of it is just too enticing to pass up, since you can inebriate yourself on a weekly or nightly basis. I have nothing personal against this type of drinking, especially since I partake in it. (Dombroski, 2004) The interesting thing, to me, is that there is no argument about the health effects of alcohol. Nobody is talking about liver and kidney failure, o r mental health problems due to legal alcohol consumption. I haven't seen anyone mention of drunk driving. The only things really being talked about are binge drinking, parental involvement, being old enough to fight for the country, and violence. In order to make this a complete discussion, the topics that are talked about need to be more complete. (Grossman, 2006) A lot more questions need to be asked. ... What I'm trying to point out is that while alcohol is a major contributor to a lot of violent crimes, health problems, and accidents, Federal, State, and local governments maintain that alcohol is still "legal" even if the age limit is kept at 21. (Dobkin, 2007) I have interviewed several university and college students concerning this issue of whether 21 should be the legal drinking age or is it a real age when people should start drinking. This is the report that I collected from four types of data which are relevant to the study of the effects of the increase in the drinking age. The data are from surveys of drinking and drinking problems among high school students; (Flynn, 2007) The 21 year old drinking age is an abridgment of the age of majority. By 18, Americans are legally adults and are entitled to all the rights and responsibilities that come with that role but one; the freedom to choose whether or not to consume alcohol.(Gever, 2006) The 21 year old marginalizes the role of parents in the process of teaching and encouraging responsible decisions about alcohol use. There is clear consensus cross introducing their children to responsible alcohol use. The 21 year old drinking age effectively eliminates this important parental role forcing parents to either break the law by serving their underage.(Grossman, 2006) Drinking isn't only something to do - it's something everyone can do together. It's how freshmen begin meeting people. "You don't know anybody, and then somebody hands you a beer and pretty soon you're hanging out with a bunch of guys," says Simon, a 19-year-old sophomore, remembering his first days in college. Freshmen drink hard early on: A 1995 Harvard study of college

Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing People - Essay Example Strategic global human resource management takes on certain significance in the regions of performance capacity and management, in international businesses. Human Resource Management is a fundamental part for whichever organization. In addition, development of this sector is the primary step, the position on which the future of the corporation relies on. It is vital for each single business element and in particular for such global company as Coca Cola. Organization at Coca Cola Company concentrates on the attainment and retention of exceedingly skilled and well-informed employees so that it can uphold its top position in the marketplace (Khurana, 2011). It cares for these resources as a plus point. It offers such circumstances of employment and actions that enable all workers to build up a sense of accord with the venture and their duties  to perform in the most enthusiastic and effectual manner. It as well provides for the safety of employment to the personnel so that they may not be preoccupied by the worries of their future. These goals, policies, strategies, and programs are pre-exacted by the corporation, which directs the administration and unions in taking choices. In addition, they are in line with the organization’s task, goals, strategies, procedures and its and inner, external milieus (Khurana, 2011). HRM is the lawful connection involving the organization and the workers; they are to sustain the employment and protection laws, in addition to pursue the practices, which may vary within federal procedures that the employer approves. For an organization, like General Motors has spent more than 50 billion dollars in the previous decade to update its production amenities to develop abilities in supple manufacturing (Shetty, 2011). Businesses are at all times searching for enhanced ways to manufacture goods and overhauls. When novel technical developments provide

Environment Analysis Essay Example for Free

Environment Analysis Essay Organizations analyze the environment in order to understand the external forces so that it could help to develop effective responses to secure or improve their positions in the future. There existed a positive relation between environmental analysis and profits of an organization. Top management looked at information in two ways: viewing and searching information. This information needed to be evaluated and disseminated to strategists within the organization and to help top management to make decisions that could create strategic advantage for the organization to succeed in a changing environment 1. There were research evidences that showed that environmental analysis was linked with improved organizational performance. Hence, it remained insufficient to assure performance, without aligning information with strategy. The main debate in strategy and environment was concerned with the primary importance of the environmental analysis in strategy formulation and implementation. 84 Reserve Bank of India The Reserve Bank of India is fully owned by the Government of India. Initially it was viewed to bring the greater coordination of the monetary, economic, and financial policies. During fifties objectives of Reserve Bank of India underwent changes. It was recognized that Reserve Bank of India needs to take on direct and much more active role, in developing machinery for financial development in order to ensure flow of finance in the country. Reserve Bank emerged as a regulatory and a growth promoting institution. In the beginning limited to the agricultural sector, the Bank later covered small-scale industries as well. The affairs of Reserve Bank of India are governed by the central board of directors. The board is appointed by the Government of India according to the Reserve Bank of India Act. The preface of the Reserve Bank of India describes the basic functions of the Reserve Bank as: â€Å"to regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage† 2. The Reserve Bank? s freedom may be viewed broadly to the areas like management including personnel matters, financial aspects, and to conduct polices. Managerial freedom refers to the procedures for appointment, term of office and dismissal procedures of top central bank officials and the governing board. It also includes the extent and nature of representation of the Government in the governing body of the central bank. 85 Financial freedom relates to the freedom to decide the extent of Government expenditures directly or indirectly financed by the central bank? s credits. Finally, policy freedom is related to the flexibility given in the formulation and execution of monetary policy, under a given authorization. Reserve Bank of India has over the years been responding to changing economic circumstances. The Reserve Bank of India performs the function of financial supervisor under the guidance of Board for Financial Supervision. This board undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising of Commercial Banks, Financial Institutions, and Non-Banking Finance Companies. The key functions played by this board were restructuring of the system of Bank, introduction of off-site scrutiny, strengthening the role of legislative auditors, and strengthening the internal defences of supervised institutions. Currently this board focus on supervision of financial institutions and legal issues in Banks. Reserve Bank of India acts as a guard for Commercial Banks. Commercial Banks are required to keep a certain proportion of cash reserves with the Reserve Bank and Bank provide them various facilities like advancing loans, underwriting securities etc. Reserve Bank of India controls the volume of reserves of Commercial Banks and thereby determines the deposits and credit creating ability of the Banks. Whenever Commercial Banks need funds they get it from the Reserve Bank of India. Apart from playing the role of Banker to the Banks, Reserve Bank of India also play promotional role. The aim is to establish and assist the establishments of a number of financial intuitions for filling up of various financial institutional gaps in the rural and semi-urban areas. 86 Other roles played by Reserve Bank of India are: Reserve Bank stabilizes the external value of the national currency. The Reserve Bank keeps gold and foreign currencies and manages foreign currency in accordance with the controls imposed by the government. Reserve Bank of India facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India. Reserve Bank has taken the responsibility of meeting directly or indirectly all legitimate demands of Commercial Banks under emergency conditions and to a certain extent Reserve Bank influence the credit policy of Scheduled Banks. The Reserve Bank has instrument of control in the form of the bank rate, which it publishes from time to time 3. A list of the Reserve Bank of India Committees from 1990- 2008 was prepared to get an impression about developments with respect to Banking Industry (Appendix- III). The recommendations resulted into remarkable changes in products and policies of Banking Organizations. Indian Bank’s Association (IBA) Indian Bank? s Association is a leading service organization of Banking Industry in India. It aims to integrate Banking and finance system catering to all financial requirements of customer? s. It was formed in 1946 with 22 members. Today Indian Bank? s Association has more than 159 members comprising of Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks (having offices in India), and Urban Co-operative Banks. 87 The main objectives of Indian Bank? Association are: promoting and developing sound and progressive Banking principles and practices in order to assist Banks to develop and implement new ideas and innovative Banking services, operations and procedures; organizing co-ordination and co-operation on procedural, legal, technical, administrative or professional problems and practices of Banks ; circulating statistical data, informati on, views and opinions on the Banking System; conducting Management Development Programs for Banks; promoting education and knowledge of the law and practices of Banking Industry; to help in projecting good public image of Banking Industry ; and to promote harmonious relationships by devising ways and means for involving Banking personnel? in the growth and development of Banking Industry. Indian Bank? s Association tries to achieve excellent service quality and customer care through its focused efforts to make each customers experience a pleasant one. Towards this end Indian Bank? s Association stressed on to build staff potential by each Bank to address customer challenges and asked Banks to design a performance management system, which focuses on rewarding the staff for delivering flawless customer service. In 2000, Indian Bank? s Association reviewed the charters of different Banks and brought out a „Model Citizen Charter? explaining to the customer? s what they could expe ct from the Bank? s as a matter of right. Apart from this Indian Bank? s Association brought „bankers fair practices? in 2004 which was adopted by all Banks voluntarily. It also came out with „fair practice code for credit card operation? and „model code for collection of dues and repossession of security? with special concern to customer? s voice about Banking practices 4. 88 Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance in India governs the entire fiscal system of the Government of India. The three departments headed by the Ministry of Finance in India include: economic affairs, expenditure, and revenue. Thus, it mainly centralizes around the economic and financial issues pertaining in India. Ministry of Finance Government of India, Banking Division is managing Government policies related to the working of Banks and the term lending to financial institutions. This Division is headed by Secretary (Banking and Insurance) and operates through three subdivisions: Industrial Finance; Banking Operations; and Banking and Insurance. Each subdivision is headed by a Joint Secretary. The Banking Operations sub-division deals with legislative proposals described to Banks, non-banking financial companies, and other related matters like appointments of Chief Executives and Government nominee Directors and non-official directors on the boards of Public Sector Banks. In addition policy matters relating to Private Banks, Foreign Banks, and improvement of customer? service in Banks and redressal of customers grievances are also dealt with this Banking Operations sub-division of Ministry of Finance. This sub-division also deals with vigilance matters and appoints Chief Vigilance Officers (C VO? s) in the Public Sector Banks to enable the Public Sector Banks to meet the credit requirements for the productive sectors of the economy in proportion to the economic growth of the country. The Government is committed to infuse capital funds in Public Sector Banks as well 5. 89 Nature of Banking Industry Bank? s safeguard money and valuables and provide loans, credit, and payment services, such as checking accounts, money-orders, and cashier? s checks. Banks also offer investment and insurance products which they were once prohibited. There exists variety of models for cooperation and integration among finance industries some of these traditional distinctions between Banks, Insurance Companies, and Securities Firms has diminished. In spite of these changes, Banks continued to maintain and perform their primary role of accepting deposits and lending funds from these deposits. Banks securely save the money of depositors, provide checking services, and lend the funds raised from depositors to consumers. Bank? s today are in a wide range of sizes, from large Global Banks to Regional and Community Banks. These Global Banks are involved in international lending and foreign currency trading, in addition to the more typical Banking services. Working Environment Employee? in a typical branch work weekdays, whereas in few Banks sometimes Banks were opened until late evenings or were open on Saturday morning? s and in few even on Sundays. Supervisory and managerial employee? s, usually work substantially longer hours. Some B anks are expanding the working hours in their branches which are located at non- 90 traditional locations, such as shopping malls, which remain open on most evenings and weekends. Branch office jobs, particularly front-end positions, required continuous communication with customers. Some employees needed to work for longer hours in a confined space. Loan officers might need to travel to meet clients, or work evenings for their clients. Loan officers also check loan applications, and solicit new business for Banks. Financial Service Sales Representatives might also have to visit clients in the evenings and on weekends to go through the client? s financial needs. To improve customer service and provide greater access to Bank personnel? s, Banks have staffed Customer Service Representatives. The remaining Bank employees, working at the headquarters or other administrative offices usually worked in comfortable surroundings and worked for a standard workweek. In general, Banks are considered relatively safer place to work with respect to injuries and illness. Banks also encourage higher education and training for their employee? as Banks require creative and talented people to compete in the market place so as to reach to more number of customers. The basic premise here is to Study the relevant data and derive some information related to the Strategic Environment pertaining to Indian Banking Industry, which may be used in due course in a broader context if not in specific context. Environmental factors influencing Banking Industry are: 91 Economic Factors Indian economy has registered impressive growth of over 9 percent for successive three financial years and experienced restraint in 2008-09. This restraint was caused due to the downturn in the global economy. The year 2008-09 was the most deficient year after 1972. To fight against this slowdown Government of India and Reserve Bank of India took many fiscal as well as monetary actions. It was expected that Indian economy could again register a robust growth rate in the year 2009-10. As per the revised estimates released by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Indian economy grew by 7. 6 percent in 2008-09 and 9. 3 percent growth in the 2007-08 6. Banks lending to industries, personal loans and service sectors witnessed a slow down while, Banks lending to agriculture and allied activities moved upward during 2008-09. The income as well as the expenditures of Scheduled Commercial Banks viewed a slow down leading to decrease in the net profit. The Return on Assets (ROA) as an indicator of efficiency with which Banks deployed their assets remained to 1 percent in 2009. The Return on Equity (ROE) as an indicator of efficiency with which the Banks used capital increased to 13. 2 percent in 2009 from 12. 5 percent in 2008, indicating increased efficiency with which Banks used capital 7. 92 Growth of income of Scheduled Commercial Banks during 2008-09 decelerated to 25. 7 percent from 34. 3 in 2007-08, but was higher than the growth rate of 24. 4 percent in 200607. Expenditure of Scheduled Commercial Banks was 24. 1 percent in 2006-07, which increased to 33. 9 percent in 2007-08 and again decelerated to 26 percent in 2008-09. The operating profit of Scheduled Commercial Banks increased sharply by 33. percent during 2008-09 from 26. 8 percent in 2007-08 and 21. 3 percent in 2006-07 (Table II. 1). The net profit of Scheduled Commercial Banks also showed a significant increase of 36. 9 percent during 2007-08 as compared to 26. 9 p ercent in 2006-07, but it decelerated to 23. 5 percent during 2008-09(Table II. 1) TABLE II. 1 VARIATION IN INCOME-EXPENDITURE OF SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS 2006-07 Income Expenses Operating Profit Net Profit 24. 4 24. 1 21. 3 26. 9 2007-08 34. 3 33. 9 26. 8 36. 9 2008-09 25. 7 26. 0 33. 2 23. 5 Source: Reports on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 8, 9 The Bank Group-wise analysis is presented in Table II. 2. Even though the achievements of technological changes in Banking Industry in India were impressive but there is a need to take greater advantages from new technologies and information based system to maximize the coverage. Pricewaterhouse Coopers report 18 suggested that Banks should take up automation that would be a combination of centralized networks, operations and a Core Banking applications that included Business Intelligence (BI), Business Process Re-engineering (BPR), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) that catered to operational and analytical business needs. The multi-channel Banking has acquired further dimensions to include third party payments such as utility bills through different channels including Automated Teller Machines and mobile banking. Bank? internal groups examined the issues, relating to rural credit and micro-finance opportunities in the sector with several possible options like smart card-based kisan credit cards, smart card solutions for self-help groups, Automated Teller Machines with local language and voice facility and call-center amenities with added services given by various Banks. Introduction of Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) for providing credit to farmers had increased in the number a multi-fold since its inception in the late 1990? s and the total percentage share of these cards reached above forty percent 19. 97 Banks had transformed themselves into Universal Banks by adding new channels with lucrative pricing. Recent innovations in the form of total quality management, reengineering work processes, flexible systems have only one thing in common serving the customers well through improved operational efficiency. Consolidation in the Banking Industry followed by technological up-gradation acted as a key factor to boost the international competitiveness of the Indian Bank? s. Adapting technology had brought down the cost of transactions visibly and at the same time aided in business continuity. A Study mentioned that the cost per transaction through a branch was Rs. 66, cost per transaction ; through Automated Teller Machines was Rs. 22, and cost per transaction through internet was Rs. 0, ignoring the extreme variations owing to the investment cost and nature of transactions 20. This low cost benefit was opted by Commercial Banks as it helped them to reach to poor people, particularly those working in the rural areas and those who earn and spend cash. In order to handle their cash transactio ns Banks formulated two types of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). People could either use Automated Teller Machines that could accept, store or dispense cash or they could use a biometric device, which were mobile in nature. Infrastructure in India, has improved resulting into widespread use of Automated Teller Machines facility in villages as well. These machines consisted of additional features that included fingerprint use as a mean of authentication with a view that rural people were more comfortable with fingerprints than plastic cards. 98 The wide geographical coverage to access Banking related products and services with the help of mobile phone technology and the use of internet for banking transactions has gained superior usage. These modes of transactions required a safe and secure environment and provide a variety of options available for customers with different requirements. The numbers of mobile phone subscribers in India were about 261 million (March 2008). Towards this end, Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for mobile banking transactions. Initially Banks offered the facility to their customers subject to a daily cap of Rs. 5,000 per customer for fund transfer and Rs. 10,000 per customer for transactions involving purchase of goods or services 21. Usage of internet banking in India is mainly dominated, by Private and Foreign Banks. Still, the number of individuals utilizing internet services has increased considerably. In 2006, about 12 percent of the 38. 5 million internet users in India used online banking and the figure for online banking increased to 16 million in 2007-08 22 . The average cost of servicing a customer through internet banking is the tenth of the services extended through a branch. Thus, there is a direct contribution to the profitability for a Bank and therefore, internet banking became a potential low cost alternative 23 . From customer? s viewpoint, internet banking is highly convenient as it help to avoid branch queues and makes customer free from depending on the inconsistent quality of services at the branch, which varied from person to person at the service desk. Internet Banking allowed customers to operate their accounts at their convenient hours instead of being dependent on the Banks working hours. Moreover, internet banking permitted customers to transact on a 247 basis from any part of the world. 99 Therefore, internet banking delivery channel has the potential to contribute directly towards the nation? prosperity as it allowed more people to join the Banking stream without adding cost and it is tremendously convenient to customers. Reserve Bank of India started measures to create multi-lingual links on its website for thirteen Indian languages on all matters concerning Banking in June 2007 24. In the recent years, the use of electronic payments has witnessed manifold increase reflecting increased adoption of technology. The electronic payment systems comprised of the large value payment systems like Real Time Gross Settlements (RTGS), National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) and card based payment systems. The growth of volume of transactions directed through electronic payment has decelerated from 41. 4 percent in 2007-08 to 24. 8 percent in 2008-0925. The numbers and usage of Automated Teller Machines had gone up substantially during the last few years. Automated Teller Machines were primarily used for cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. In 2008-09, the total number of Automated Teller Machines installed by the Banks grew by 25. 4 percent. Automated Teller Machines of State Bank of India group registered a sharp growth of 34. 5 percent. While the Automated Teller Machines installed by new Private Sector Banks and Foreign Banks was 3 times of their respective branches 26, 27 . In March 2008, the population per automated teller machines in India was more than 29,500 as against the range of 1,000-9,500 in some of the other emerging market economies 28, 29 . In June 2009, Reserve Bank of India permitted Scheduled Commercial Banks to install off-site Automated Teller Machines at places identified by them, without any need to take permission from the Reserve Bank of India. Cash withdrawal from Automated Teller Machines of the Bank? s was made free of charges, April 2009 onwards. This made Automated Teller Machines more popular among customers. 100 Banks had deployed Information Technology solutions to facilitate automation in transaction management, reporting and risk management. Most of the Banks across the segments had already implemented Core Banking Systems. In the 2007, 85. 6 percent and in the 2008, 93. 7 percent Public Sector Banks were fully computerised 30, 31 . Other rograms such as internet based transactions, self-service kiosks, mobile banking were either underway or planned in near future by Public Sector Banks. Foreign Sector Banks and old and new Private Sector Banks in India, had progressed well in the areas of technology up-gradation i n operations. Technology up-gradation helped to introduce new products and services to enable Banks to improve the quality of service and value added services. Overall, Indian Banks score well with respect to technological adaption and the three key characteristic contributing towards the effective use of information technology in Banking Industry were: ? Factor Cost Advantage- information technology related labour costs in India remained cheaper as compared to other countries; ? Distribution Strategy- Indian Banks adopted a unique business model, acquiring customers rapidly with minimal technological investments; and ? Information Technology Governance- Indian Banks emphasized on information technology governance with the strong in-house Information Technology Division and a Chief Information Officer (CIO) directly reporting to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in most cases. 101 It is information that made the Banking Industry stable. The pressure of competition and the need to improve productivity has generated a need for better information. In order to manage Banking operations to meet the needs of managers operating at tactical and strategic level and to improve their quality of decisions and policymaking processes within the Banks. Banks needed to set up an efficient and comprehensive Management Information System (MIS) without which asset and liability management and risk management were not possible. However, adoption of technology by Banks provided them competitive advantage in their operations but at the same time Banks became dependent on outsourcing for most of their technological applications. Therefore, Banks needed to employ caution to put in place mechanisms for vendor management. As an insecure system, could expose Banks towards serious operational regulatory and reputational risks. Banks have taken measures to safeguard the risk factors, emerging due to the use of technology. Towards this end, the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) helped Banks to bring in technology and enabled them to work in secured environment while operating Real Time Gross Settlements System, Centralised Fund Management System (CFMS), corporate e-mail, and internet banking. It also acted as a „certifying authority? for the Banking Sector in India by issuing Digital Certificates 32 . Still there exists need to ensure much more accountable systems with regard to online payments with uniform standards all over the world. 102 Social Factors Before nationalization of the Banks, their control was in the hands of the private parties and only big business houses and the effluent sections of the society gained benefits from the Banking in India. Thus, adoption of the social development model in the Banking Sector was necessary for speedy economic progress consistent with social justice in democratic political system. Bankers were directed to help economically weaker sections of the society and to provide needed finance to all the sectors of the economy with flexible and liberal attitude. India? s demography had undergone transition and the demographic trends 1950 – 2050 studied, illustrates that India? s fertility rate is consistently falling from the peak 5. 91 percent in the first decade after independence to 2. 76 percent today and expected to fall further to 1. 85 percent. Even the death rate also likewise showing consistent decline from its peak 25. 5 in 1950-55 to 8. 5 today and to the lowest of 7. 9 in 2020-2025 33 . This ignifies towards steady number of customers for Banking Sector with longer income in the coming years. Indeed, India would be one of the youngest nations with its median age lying between 25 a nd 30 years over the next 15 years (2010 to 2025) 34. This signified that India would enjoy its prevalence of young age population for almost four decades. Thus, India? s demographic transition needed to be exploited by Banking Sectors viewing it as an opportunity. 103 Increase in the per capita income of the working class population of India, enabled individuals to purchase goods, which were far out of their reach earlier. It also encouraged people to buy goods for their personal use and for their family. Today societies have shifted towards nuclear family, resulting into the growing needs for home consumer durables like washing machine, television, bike, car etc. This showed how we as a society have moved from a socialist society to a consumerist society. Understanding these changes and to use them as an opportunity Banks provided various types of loans to farmers, working women, professionals, education loan to the students, housing loans, and consumer loans. Even customers life style, their behaviour, and consumption patterns have changed which acted as an opportunity as well as a threat for Banking Industry. Deposits showed a subdued growth during this decade. In 2008- 09 personal loans by Commercial Banks was 12. percent with respect to 10. 8 in 2007-08 of which housing loan was 11. 6 percent in 2007-08 and 7. 4 percent in 2008-09 35 . This deceleration was observed in housing loans especially due to economy slow down. Literacy rate in India is low as compared to other developed countries. Illiterate people hesitate to transact with Banks. Therefore, this influenced negatively on Banking Industry. Nevertheless, there exists positive side of this as well that illiterate people trust more on Banks to deposit their money as they do not have market information they do not put money in stocks or mutual funds so they look Bank as their sole and safe alternative. For a common man Banks have emerged as the key players to provide variety of products and services like saving accounts, insurance, remittance and other facilities to the under privileged and the poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas or socially disadvantage as well as the small and medium enterprise sector . 104 On the other hand Banks deal with big clients or big companies which required personalized banking as these customers do not believe in running and waiting in queues for getting their work done . To these customers bankers provided special provisions and at times benefits like individualised hosting to these types of customers. It was brought to the notice of the Reserve Bank of India that visually challenged persons were facing problem in availing Banking facilities. Reserve Bank of India in June 2008 advised all Banks to ensure that all facilities such as cheque book including third party cheques, Automated Teller Machine facilities (at least one third of new Automated Teller Machine installed with Braille key pads and located strategically), net banking, locker, and credit cards to be provided to visually challenged persons without any discrimination 36. Banks related crimes are rising. These crimes included the typical ones such as Bank robbery, false statement to a Bank in order to obtain loan, false entry in a Banks book, Bank bribery, and Bank fraud. The other new types of crimes have also emerged like accessing to the whole or any part of information technology system without rights. These also included manipulation of Banking system, data alteration, or data destruction to make unauthorized identity theft with reference to Automate Teller Machines. Indian police has initiated by opening of special cyber cells across the country and started educating the personal against these crimes. 105 Political Factors Before 1990, the lack of accountability and lack of profit motive in Nationalized Banks was credited to political interference. After the economic reforms of 1991, the Indian Banking Industry entered into the new horizon of competiveness, efficiency, and productivity. Reserve Bank of India? s control system and its monetary policies acted as a major weapon in India? financial market. However, sometimes looking into the political advantage of a particular party, Government declares some measures for their benefits like short-term agricultural loans to attract farmer? s votes affecting the profits of the Banks. Even according to Banking Banana Skins, survey 2010 political interference was considered as the greatest risk for Banking Industry 37. In the Budget provisions, Finance Minister increased the farm credit target for 2009-10 at Rs. 3, 25,000 crore compared to Rs. 2, 87,000 crore in 2008-09. The Union Budget 200910 extended the debt waiver scheme by six more months for farmers owing more than 2 hectare of land. The Union Budget 2008-09 allowed farmers 25 percent rebate on 75 percent of their overdue repayment within the stipulated period 38 . Government also announced setting up of a task force to examine the issues of debt taken by a large number of farmers in some regions of Maharashtra from private moneylenders who were not covered under the loan waiver scheme 39 . With Government bearing this burden, Banks would not be affected much. As Government assured to help, Banks to clear their most stubborn non-performing assets accounts on Banks Book. In addition, the emphasis on expanding network with Automated Teller Machines, opening of Banking centre in unbanked blocks were some of the positive moves taken by Government. 106 Political interference by the leftist political parties claimed that various regulations with respect to Foreign Banks would benefit only those Banks, which intend to make a quick jump by providing high-profile corporate services, instead of those who wish to intensify their rural operations. Left political parties also cautioned that foreign players could increase their holding size in a particular Bank that would lead to an imbalance of power. Banks under the conventional system of recovery of loans had a considerable amount of money blocked in form of unproductive assets. Hence, to beat this difficulty parliament enacted Recovery of Debts to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 also refereed as Debt Recovery Act. This Act created a separate apparatus in the order of Debt Recovery Tribunals, which were handed over the responsibility of administering disputes pertaining to non-payment of debts. As this legislation was general in nature, another legislature by Parliament was enacted , referred as Securitization Act with an objective to give the Banks, more power over defaulting borrowers 40,41. Unions The post nationalization era in the Banking Industry in India, particularly in the Public Sector, witnessed consolidation of trade unions. All the nine unions had all-India presence in the Banking Industry. Five workers unions and four officers unions represented almost 100 percent of the workforce in the industry and joined hands to form a United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU). United Forum of Bank Unions comprised of All India Bank Employees Association, (AIBEA), All India Bank Officers Confederation (AIBOC), 107 National Confederation of Bank Employees (NCBE), All India Bank Officers Association (AIBOA), Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI), Indian National Bank Employees Congress (INBEC), Indian National Bank Officers Congress (INBOC), National Organization of Bank Workers (NOBW) and National Organization of Bank Officers (NOBO) 42. Representatives of unions were encouraged to give suggestions. However, in many cases undue interference of unions in decision-making has adversely affected, leading to the deterioration in discipline, efficiency, and performance effectiveness. With the growing strength of these organizations, the issues relating to employees interests were no longer determined by Bank? s managements alone. The massive introduction of technology into the industry made union policies defensive. Unions focused almost entirely on the immediate consequences of technological change on the workforce, especially the aspect of possible job losses. Employees in Public Sector Banks were repulsive to move from one table to another of the same branch. Now the trade unions seem to be willing to allow mobility for employees within a district as mergers enforced them to move from one state to another. Other issues taken up by unions were like introduction of New Pension scheme and variable pay which were resolved with the help United Forum of Bank Unions. Banks unions are also involved in demanding salary hikes, job losses, disinvestments in Public Sector, and issues related to violation of labour laws, and allocation of funds for schemes for unorganised workers. 108 After attempting, the macro level environmental analysis of Indian Banking Industry a micro functional level Human Resource Environmental Analysis has been attempted with the help of SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), it would help to further develop strategic viewpoint about the industry (Table II. 4). TABLE II. 4 HR SWOT ANALYSIS WITH RESPECT TO INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY STRENGTHS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Educated Manpower Higher Compliance Amongst Employees Experienced Employees Training Infrastructure Availability Safe Working Environment Responsiveness to Needful Change Strong Regulatory Institutional Framework ? ? ? ? ? OPPORTUNITIES Liberalization of Banking Sector Preferred Industry for Employment Availability of Multi-specialist staff Technology for Improved Interpersonal and Communication Skills Workforce Diversity WEAKNESSES ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Limited Technology Skills Repetitive Tasks Structure Inadequate Remuneration for Attracting Talent Lacking Career Growth Path Rigid Recruitment Policies Hierarchal Structure Rigid Wage Negotiation Process Leadership Deficit at Senior Level ? ? ? ? ? ? ? THREATS Movement of Skilled and Quality Staff Difficulty in Hiring Highly Qualified Youngsters Trend Towards Downsizing Changing Workforce Demographics High Staff Cost Overheads Changing Employees Expectations Entrenched Trade Unionism 109 Key Concerns for Indian Banking Industry The macro level analysis of Banking Industry and micro level analysis with respect to Human Resource functions helped to identify the key concerns related to the Banking Industry. Competition in Banking Industry is very high as Banks are fighting for same share of customers. There are many Banks and non-financial institutions which gave rise to intensified competition. Amongst these, there existed relatively no differentiation in services and every Bank tried to copy each other? s services and technology which increased the level of competition. Competition from the non-Banking financial sector is increasing rapidly as there are substitutes like mutual funds, stocks (shares), government securities, debentures, gold, and real estate acting as a high threat of substitutes. The continuous deregulation has made the Banking Market extremely competitive with greater autonomy, operational flexibility, decontrolled interest rate, and liberalized norms for foreign exchange. The deregulation of the industry coupled with decontrol in interest rates had led to the entry of a number of players in the Banking Industry 43. Alliances and takeovers had occurred on a transatlantic basis. The market share for financial services that Banks hold had declined, while securities firms, mutual funds, and finance companies has grown 44 . Banking Sector needs to build up a strong and efficient financial system by emphasizing on risk based management. 110 In Banking Sector, customers have high bargaining power due to the presence of very large number of alternatives. Banks together with the specialized financial companies that provide finance to customers are available. Recently it was observed that depositors had withdrawn funds from Private and Foreign Banks and invested their money with Public Sector Banks as the cost of switching from one Bank to another was low and almost all Banks provided undifferentiated services. Today customer? s have more information and better understanding about the market, Banks have to be more competitive and customer friendly to serve them. To retain customer? s and market share, Banks started contemplating on building strong relationship with customers. United Bank of India created a revolution in Banking Industry by opening up a boutique branch in Pune in November 2007, as its priority was to provide services to the high net worth customers. Thus, United Bank also recognized the needs of high net worth individuals different from the other customers. United Bank organized corporate golf tournament for customers, music concerts, and screening of Mani Ratnam directed film „Guru? 45 . Bank? s top management has started carefully evaluating the impacts for their actions. Recently, before cutting jobs in Private and Foreign Banks, Human Resource managers tried to assess reactions beforehand and they came out with certain proactive steps. Banks persistently worked in the interest of the Society. 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